Episode 2.5: How Palestine Polarized, with Dana El Kurd

Today on Scope Conditions, we’re speaking with Dr. Dana El Kurd, an assistant professor of political science at the University of Richmond, about her recent book, Polarized and Demobilized: Legacies of Authoritarianism in Palestine. In this book, Dana seeks to unravel a puzzle of Palestinian political development. With the signing of the Oslo Accords in 1994, Palestinians gained the prospect of democratic self-government, with the establishment of an elected Palestinian National Authority and a process intended to culminate in the creation of a Palestinian state. The Palestinian people entered Oslo with a highly mobilized and well-organized civil society — conditions that should, in theory, have set the stage for vibrant civic engagement and the development of responsive institutions. 

What Dana observes, however, in the period after Oslo is just the opposite. Not only did Palestinian institutions evolve in an increasingly authoritarian direction, but Palestinian society ended up far less mobilized and much more polarized than it had been under direct Israeli rule. “How,” Dana asks in her new book, “did the [Palestinian Authority] demobilize society, when years of Israeli occupation had failed to do the same thing?” Her argument is that international interference distorted the process of political development, leading the PA to practice a form of “indigenous” autocracy that proved highly effective at dis-organizing and deactivating civil society. 

We hear about how Dana brought together interviews with Palestinian officials, protest data, survey experiments and lab experiments to trace out the dynamics of demobilization. We also ask her to reflect on how her argument travels: Does international involvement generally serve to undercut democracy? Is political polarization always demobilizing? Lastly, Dana reflects on her experiences as a Palestinian researcher studying Palestine: both the access that her identity gives her in the field and the ways in which her work is challenged due to her identity.

Works discussed in the episode:

Blaydes, Lisa. 2018. State of Repression: Iraq Under Saddam Hussein. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Jamal, Manal A. 2019. Promoting Democracy: The Force of Political Settlements in Uncertain Times. New York: New York University Press.

Pressman, Jeremy. 2017. "Throwing Stones in Social Science: Non-Violence, Unarmed Violence, and the First Intifada." Cooperation and Conflict 52(4): 519-536.

Salloukh, Bassel F. 2017. “Overlapping Contests and Middle East International Relations: The Return of the Weak Arab State.” PS: Political Science & Politics 50(3): 660–63.

Tariq, Dana. 2015. “The Structural Transformation of Palestinian Civil Society: Key Paradigm Shifts.” Middle East Critique 24(2): 191-210.